Saya Robot

SAYA ROBOT ABSTRACT This Article describes an electronic mechanical machine with a Tele-operated android robot named SAYA. A robot is an electro- mechanical device which maybe appears as humanoid and it can performs tasks automatically. It may be done by using a remote control or a computer interface. The Branch of Technology that deals with Robots is called ROBTICS. It was found in the daily lives for example; the pet-type robot named AIBO, and a mental therapy robot and its effectiveness for elderly people. But the first uses of modern robots have been built by William Grey Walter in 1961s as industrial robots.THE ANDROID ROBOT SAYA After 15 years of research by Saya's developer Hiroshi Kobayashi, the Professor at Tokyo University of Science; Saya is being tested as a teacher and it is being trialed at a primary school in Tokyo. After working as a receptionist and secretary. Also the robot Saya already used as traffic wardens and one is even being developed to provide company to Al zheimer's sufferers. She can speak multiple- languages; also can express some basic emotions like surprise, disgust, smile, sadness. Because her face has simple structure and basically consists of mechanical frame and facial skin.SAYA THE ROBOT TEACHER In the classroom, there are Saya and some control equipment and the control system of Saya requires a compressor and electronic equipments. In the other side, there's an operation room with two monitors one of them is used for the control, and the other one used for the observation. Saya is able to assign tasks to students, as well as perform facial expressions to denote her current mood. She also able to catch students passing notes in class, as well as plagiarizing one another’s homework. The operator is able to hear students from the speakers and respond to students as well.THE MAIN PURPOSES OF SAYA ROBOT The robot's main purpose was to encourage children to be interested in science and technology; it's also expected to cont ribute to children's motivation to learn, in addition; it would benefit schools suffering from a shortage of human teachers. The robot was originally developed for companies who want to cut costs by replacing office workers such as secretaries and receptionists with an android. BIBLIOGRAPHY LIST – cdn. intechweb. org/pdfs/19461. pd – http://www. news. com. au/news/saya-robots-new-job-as-a-schoolteacher/story-fna7dq6e-1111119087968

College Stress Essay

Recently, many first-year college students face to stress. Stress is come from different ways. From The Associated Press and MTV conducted a survey of college students , 74% of students feel stress about grades,67% of students feel stress about financial worries, 54% of students feel stress about their families and 53% of students feel stress about relationships(The Associated Press and MTV,2009). In the following, I would like to discuss what cause, effect and prevention of college stress. The cause of stress is divided to three parts. They are academic performance pressure, financial problem and family. The most important cause is academic performance pressure. In your college life, you have many works, such as attending classes, completing the readings, writing papers, managing projects and preparing for exam. For freshman, it may constitute stress. In addition, some freshman don’t know what happen when starting college, some students don’t know how to distribute their time to finish their project or assignment. Moreover, so many test and exam need to do revision, students who study all through the night because they worry they can’t get a content marks. Also, students who want get higher score and GPA to get scholarship, so the competition for earning top marks can be very fierce (White, 2010). â€Å"College life has become a lot more competitive, it’s much harder to get into schools, it is gotten a lot more expensive. † Say Elizabeth Scott, stress management expert. If you are college graduated, you can find a great job easily that you can have a good future. Owing to society is overvalue to college graduate, because it can prove your educational background to show your boss you can handle this job. Base on upward academic performance reason, it may bring out stress. Secondly, financial problem may comprise stress too. Because you need to pay fee about your room and board also your tuition. The high cost of tuition also adds extra stress to student’s live. Some students cannot pay fully tuition, so they choose borrow student loans. But students loans will make tuition cost be higher, because students need to pay interest, so some students worry that they cannot pay off the tuition after they graduated. Thirdly, family will bring stress to college students. Because many students feel obligate to please their parents, they study the subject maybe is not they feel interest, just satisfied their family. If they fail the subject or not get higher marks, their parents will be disappointed. Also, parents maybe a bit over protect and care student because this is student first time leave home for a long time to study, they live in college dorm. All of this added pressure can put a great weight on the student’s shoulders (Rodriguez, 2008). If you are the first person from your family to attend college, the stress is even greater (Hansen, 2009). Next, I will discuss the prevention of college stress. In fact, we can prevent this stress. First, you must have a good time management, for example create a schedule, be sure you allow yourself the time you need to study and get work done. Also, you may stay connect to home, because being away from home can be difficult at times, so if you feel unhappy or difficulties, you can use phone or email to chat with your family or best friend. Then, do more exercise when your free is one of the reduce college stress’s method, you can try yoga it providing excellent relaxation and total health benefits (Scott, 2009). Also, you can do exercise with your friends, it can keep your relationship and reduce your stress, it is one of social activity. â€Å"The effects of socializing and exercise may be important† says to Alexander S. Strauss, MD, a spokesperson for the American Psychiatric Association and a psychiatrist in private practice in Marlton, NJ. (Strauss, 2013) . Finally, get enough sleep also can reduce stress too, because sleep can replenish your energy to study and keep your mind clearly. Gave enough time to your brain get rest it can reduce stress. Furthermore, it can keep your health. Because insufficient sleep can put you at risk for serious illnesses, such as diabetes, obesity and depression (Forbes, 2010). About finance stress, you must stay away from credit cards, because there are always situations when they will get carried away and they will feel the necessity to pay for the dinner, new clothes or some other non-emergency purchase which will be paid from nowhere else than our credit card limit (Malgi,2009). Also, design a budget plan and hold on to it, don’t buy luxury product. In addition, start thinking and spending rationally, you can use all the discounts available, start buying more carefully and compare the prices, because it can reduce your budget, can save more money. In conclusion, college stress is come from academic performance pressure, financial problem and family. So students should learn how to reduce stress. Too much stress is affect students health. Therefore students can create a schedule to handle your study and rest time. Also, do more exercise will friends is a reduce pressure method. But student get enough sleep also important, because sleep can reduce stress and keep your health. In addition, keep contact to home if you meet difficulty because your family will listen to you. Furthermore, design a budget plan allot to your money and stay away from credit cards to prevent college stress and enjoy college life. Reference Alexander S. Strauss, MD, (September 4, 2013). Exercising with others helps students. Retrieved December 12, 2013 fromhttp://medicalxpress. com/news/2013-09-college-students-stress. html Elizabeth Scott, M. S. (April 20, 2009). College Life – How to reduce stress in college life. Retrieved December 10, 2013 fromhttp://stress. about. com/od/studentstress/ss/college_stress_2. htm J. David Forbes, MD, (March17, 2010) College life: 10 ways to reduce stress Retrieved December 10, 2013 fromhttp://www. everydayhealth. com/college-health/college-life-10-ways-to-reduce-stress. aspx Mary Gormandy White. (2010). Stress causes of college students Retrieved December 11, 2013 fromhttp://stress. lovetoknow. com/Stress_Causes_of_College_Students Misty Rodriguez. (2008). What are the causes of college stress? Retrieved December 12, 2013 fromhttp://www. ehow. com/about_5385329_causes-college-stress. html#ixzz2nHQZDvNR Randall S. Hansen,Ph. D. , (2009). Top college stressors that affect academic performance Retrieved December 12, 2013 fromhttp://www. mycollegesuccessstory. com/academic-success-tools/top-college-s.

Marketing - Analyzing Buyer Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing - Analyzing Buyer Behavior - Essay Example Floor care products are majorly bought by women who range between 36 to 50 years who are married and take care of their dwellings. Women are majorly concerned about the cleanliness at home and aim at buying products that maintain hygiene at nominal price. As women in today's world are equal bread earners, they are independent to make purchase decisions. The consumer product proposal is good. As mentioned, there must be a new product line improved as a new market strategy to attract new customers and also to retain the existing customer by providing them different options. The new product line must concentrate more on the price and efficacy than the eco friendly and safety aspects of it. As the price factor is the priority of the customers, there has to be a relatively decrease in price for the product to compete with the existing products in the market. By decreasing the manufacturing cost and also reducing the cost of the product, there can be an increase in the volume of goods sold in the market and it will reach the customers effectively. Higher the volume of sales, greater is the profit. These new products can be marketed to mass merchandises like Walmart and K mart in their premier shelves as the inflow of people on a daily basis is very high and people believe in their prices and products. Expanding in to other retail sectors are also a good strategic move, as they can attract a different set of new customers and is a good market development. Expanding in to new sector will familiarize the product and brand in the market. The marketing strategies like online sales will be an added advantage as people now adays prefer online buying which is very comfortable. Online buying has become one o the most common ways of purchasing a products since the last decade. Online sales have doubled during the past two years, with 53 percent of US Web users saying they have made interactive purchases so far in 1999. ("Pastore", 1999) There can be few more consumer recommendations like anti bacterial product which prevents floor from infections, easy usage of the products by providing free liquid sprays, refreshing fragrant liquid, easy stain removal sprays etc. The proposal for commercial product is good; it has aimed at diversifying its supply areas to hospital and nursing homes as the hospitality industry is untapped. The commercial proposal will definitely work because of the increase in span of supply to other commercial sectors and concentrating on the pricing strategy. Whether it is an individual or an organization, they look at optimization of the product and a better value for money. When a product is sold at a nominal cost in the market and is also efficient, it has a better market penetration. A private label floor cleaner will be a good growth strategy as it will have good market development. The health care sector has a high concern for cleanliness and hygiene. It can be observed from any health care organization that there is a high level of abidance for cleanliness. There will be a house keeper who will keep cleaning the floor for at least five to ten times in a day. Their usage is also high where there is a high volume sales opportunity. Adding

English 101 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

English 101 - Essay Example I simply explore the library and discover the myriad books, magazines, papers, and documents that I would never have known existed. I find one at random, locate a quiet corner, and spend some time getting acquainted with my new discovery. I have encountered 200-year-old books that were written about the history of the local area. I have also found magazines from the late 1800s that I always find interesting. One particular magazine was a late 1800s Science magazine that had an article that was written by Charles Darwin, the father of the Theory of Evolution. Wherever I look, the books that I accidentally discover always pleasantly surprise my curiosity. While I enjoy simply visiting the library, it is also an excellent place to study. I not only have a well-lit and quiet area to work, I have the entire library available to answer any questions I have, or provide the reference material I may need. I often consider the library my second home away from

Information Managment Challenges for Ford Motor Company Research Paper

Information Managment Challenges for Ford Motor Company - Research Paper Example From this paper it is clear that there are new challenges in the IT department of Ford Motor Company every year. ... â€Å"Though our work is with people, our tool is with the computer.† With both of these critical components in mind, and along with the integration of technology, Ford has become a leading developer of â€Å"green† automobiles. This is a clear challenge for the new millennium, in which the drive to produce cleaner fuel and decrease dependence on foreign oil is huge. Thus, this paper will examine the challenges Ford faces by striving to create greener products, utilizing technology to create a better product and prove to consumers that the company promotes the ideals of a cleaner, healthier world. Ford Motor Company Introduction The Ford Motor Company has the second highest level of sales of automobiles in the United States, with a global presence in more than 500 companies across the globe. More importantly, the innovation that the company has dedicated themselves to accomplishing gives hope that dependency on fossil fuels might someday be a thing of the past. As the paper outlines that the manufacturing plants are tooled to be flexible, the vehicles that roll off of the assembly line geared toward the fuel option of the country of intended delivery, thus providing their customers with the best options available for fuel economy. As the company is award winning for their ethical policies and implementation of sustainability, the potential for collaborative efforts toward advancing automotive technology seems to be a real possibility within the company. Henry Ford When Henry Ford created the Model T automobile, it was the beginning of a revolution in industry. The philosophies of industrial management that came from his innovative thoughts on the sociological aspects of his business created changes in the way in which workers, business financial strategy and the machinery of work were integrated.

Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Biology - Essay Example (2) Why/How Creation Scientists Say Evolution Violates The Laws of Thermodynamics. (3) On Whether The Thermodynamics Laws Are Actually Violated or Not 5 Question 3- Making Both the Best Evolutionary/Biological and Logical/Rational Argument Relating to the Question: Which came first, the chicken or the egg? 7 Question 5- Common English Understanding of the First and Second Thermodynamics Laws. (2) Arguments For How The Theory of Natural Selection (a) Violates the Thermodynamics Laws and (b) Does Not Violate the Thermodynamic Laws . (3) Explaining How Life Works at the Chemical Level. 9 Question 7- (1) Similarities in the ideas of Lamarck and Darwin Relating to Gradual Evolution (2) Differences in the Ideas of Lamarck and Darwin (3) Reasons for Darwin's Hesitancy in Publishing His â€Å"Dangerous Idea†, Evidence Darwin Was Missing 11 Works Cited 13 Question 1- (1) Influence of 19th Century Worldviews on Charles Darwin. (2) How Darwin's Worldview Changed Between 1830 and 1860. (3 ) How My Worldview Has Been Changed/Affected by the Course There had been considerable intellectual and scientific ferment in the 19th century, around the time of Darwin's work and prior, that had considerable impact on the Charles Darwin and his theory with regard to evolution, natural selection, and the survival of the fittest. Those include changes in the scientific understanding of the age of the earth, which had previously been pegged at a few thousand years, and subsequently revised to be much older based on discovered and analyzed fossil records. This old age meant that Darwin's theory of natural selection over eons, millions of years, could hold water. Another was the worldview espoused by the theories of Malthus with regard to the economics of of population growth. Food supplies determined population growth and kept population numbers in check, or else, in the absence of such food supply restrictions, numbers would rise without pause. It is this insight that Darwin extended into all kinds of living populations, both plant life and animal life and species. He figured that checks in nature are abundant, and include disease, food restrictions, the weather, water, and other key resources that determine who in a population will survive and breed. This is the basics of his natural selection theory (Hayden; The Economist Newspaper Limited; Walmswell). Meanwhile, the changes in Darwin's worldview from 1830 to 1860 mimicked the evolution of his thinking and theory from the time he set out as a naturalist in 1831 to the time of the initial publication of his theory and findings in 1858, when he became convinced of the validity of his theory of natural selection, of the mutability of species and the role that natural selection plays in the way all creatures evolve through time (Hayden; The Economist Newspaper Limited; Walmswell). With regard to my own worldview, I had been exposed indirectly to the ideas of Darwin growing up, and had grown up hearing about terms like survival of the fittest as well as natural selection and the evolution of different species. It has shaped my early understanding of my own evolution as a kind of personal progress. This course, though made me aware that natural selection has more to do with how the different factors/forces around me determine whether me or someone else live a long time and prosper to the point of thriving/raising children. My new understanding includes an appreciation for human diversity, and the way that diversity as a whole allows the human race to adapt and move forward amid changing external circumstances (Hayden; The Economist Newspaper Limited; Walmswell). Question 2- (1) The Laws of Thermodynamics in My Own Words. (2) Why/How Creation Scientists Say Evolution Violates The Laws of

Offshoring Creates More U.S. Jobs Than It Kills Research Paper

Offshoring Creates More U.S. Jobs Than It Kills - Research Paper Example In an event that a firm relocates its relatively inefficient production parts abroad, where they can be more cheaply produced, it can be able to expand its output through the stages that it has comparative advantage. As a product, the average productivity of the remaining employees increases due to the change in the workforce composition. In addition, structural changes that boost the remaining workers’ productivity are also likely. These benefits emerge due to offshoring service or material inputs because of the access to new varieties of input (McCarthy 70). Offshoring of businesses abroad by United States firms enhances the likelihood of more benefits that can lead to job creation locally. Offshoring service inputs such as information and computing services from other local firms is more likely to enhance the prospects of job creation in the country. The impacts of material and service offshoring on productivity translate into job creation locally (Wei and Amiti 4). This is because offshoring could lead to higher labor demand due to scale effects. Due to higher productivity, lower prices will be reduced and therefore enhancing competitiveness of the United States companies. The effect of this outcome is that US firms will be able to expand and create more jobs abroad and more importantly locally due to the rise in demand of their goods (Wei and Amiti 4). High productivity companies are more likely to engage in global production strategies that could help reverse the jobs lost locally. Offshoring tends to boost productivity and reduce costs, thus prompting firms to expand domestic hiring to offset the lost jobs to overseas workers. Several studies have established that offshoring has no impact on native... The above discussion clearly supports the argument that offshoring creates more jobs in the United States rather than killing job creation. It points to the reality that while offshoring may be a painful endeavor particularly in the short run, it is a necessary occurrence for long-term benefits. As has been noted, offshoring helps to create jobs through various aspects such as enhanced productivity, reduced cost of production and boosting national economy among other ways. This report makes a conclusion that the realities of globalization and other developments around the world inform the need for American companies to engage in offshoring as a means of not only remaining competitive, but also of improving the United States overall economy. American companies, like other companies in the world, have to adjust to new realities in the world. They should, on one hand support real global competition, and on the other hand, support local workers and national companies. Offshoring provides this unique opportunity for these companies to achieve this goal. Offshoring prompts American firms to do broad adjustments in attitudes and knowledge regarding changes in the global economy in order to reach the right balance of policies that promote the ideal long-term global competition, and adopts near term measures that counter policies that threaten creation of jobs domestically. Strategies adopted by American firms should protect domestic workers, but at the same ti me ensure that it boost national economy in order to increase job opportunities among the national population (Heineman para16). This will also be important in enabling the United States workers to engage and pursue higher-level jobs.

General nursing skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

General nursing skills - Essay Example I will also be discussing them in this assignment how important the skills I garnered will be in my future profession. The purpose of reflection is basically looking back at an event or time and analysing the emotions, feelings and other things involved at that point in time. Reflection usually involves questions such as â€Å"What went well?† and â€Å"How did I feel at that time?† Normally, reflection is done spontaneously, not based on formula. It normally occurs when feelings, emotions and thoughts about a particular event gradually surface (Atkins & Murphy 1994). However, there is no use in reflecting upon an activity if I the skills that I acquired during the activities and others that I improved upon will be going to waste. This is where the NHS framework is important. NHS knowledge and skills framework provides a comprehensive and consistent framework for review and development of a staff member. It determines and describes which knowledge and skills are important for staff to apply during at work and to deliver excellent services (Agenda for Change Project Team 2005). The NHS knowledge and skills framework has several purposes. NHS knowledge and skills framework is based on good people management. It is involved in looking at how people would like to be treated and more importantly, how they should be treated. Because of these, one of the purposes of NHS knowledge and skills framework is to check on the development of services by investing in staff members. This is done so that the service provided has good standards and it meets the needs of the public (Agenda for Change Project Team 2005). Another purpose of the NHS knowledge and skills framework is to support the learning process of the staff members, whether as a team or as an individual. It promotes effective learning and development. It aims to support the learning process of the members of the staff by letting them grow in various ways and

Critically discuss how THREE selected environmental tools or methods Essay

Critically discuss how THREE selected environmental tools or methods could be applied to minimise the environmental impacts of - Essay Example Wind farms with many of such structures occupy a lot of space on the landscape. Onshore wind farms are always about three kilometres away from the shoreline. The turbines in these farms are located in hilly areas since wind blows heavily on hilly areas. Wind turbines cause landscape and visual effects depending on their number at a particular area, their height, size and colour. The effects may also depend on their site tracks, buildings, their grid connection, and â€Å"transmission lines† (Murgante et al., 2011). According to Ottmar et al (2011), wind turbines have a number of impacts on the environment. These include visual impacts, noise impacts, effects on land use, and effects on the birds that live around the wind farms. In addition, there are electronic interferences and constraints on the natural reserve areas. During the construction of a wind turbine, there are some pollutants that released into the atmosphere. The wind turbines are seen to be very noisy and they ar e also unsightly, thereby interfering with the natural beauty of â€Å"the landscape.† Sustainable Development Commission (2009) disagrees that wind farms are noisy and explains that the levels of noise from wind farm is equal to the background in rural places at night. Despite their negative impacts on the environment, onshore wind farms play a crucial part in achieving renewable energy targets. However, the many advantages that come with the farms can only be realised if proper planning is done. The contemporary wind farms are mostly large and not only help in environmental conservation, but also bring a lot of benefits to the communities that live around the farms. Among the advantages of using onshore wind farms is that wind is available free of charge and appropriate technology is available to harvest energy from wind as noted by Sustainable Development Commission (2009). Moreover, although the initial costs of installing wind turbines are high, maintenance cost are rela tively low after installation. It can also be used to generate power in rural areas where there is no power connection. Given the varying impacts to the humans, landscape aesthetics and the surrounding environment that implementation of such project poses; it is critical that environmental managers employ tools to manage this impacts. Thompson (2002) lists various tools and methods that can be used for environmental management and environmental performance improvement. To manage the impacts of the 40 turbine onshore wind farm project; EIA, LCA and GIS as the most appropriate environmental management tools. EIA has been selected because it helps to predict the impacts of a project and propose mitigation measures while GIS allows environmental managers make decision based on spatial relationship of features. LCA allows decision makers to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the life cycle of the project thereby facilitating decision making. Environmental Impact Management EIA is a tool used in decision-making whose main purpose is to not only identify and evaluate the likely environmental impacts of a given project (Glasson et al., 2005). EIA is

What are some of the problems of interpretation that face historians Essay

What are some of the problems of interpretation that face historians who wish to use visual sources like that of woodcuts and illustrations on pamphlets etc at the time of the reformation - Essay Example e would include the language used, the typefaces used, the quality of the printing, a lack of context and a failure to understand the ideas expressed because understanding of science and religion was rather different from what it is today. There may also be symbolism which is lost on a modern audience. There are such things as the way the meanings of some words have changed over time. Also some words have dropped out of use entirely. Spelling was not as fixed as it was later, so there may be occasions when, even if the writing can be clearly read, it is possible to misread a word. Calvin published his great work first in Latin in 1536, and later in his native French in 1541. We are no longer used to such a formal style, nor to sentences which may extend over eight lines at times, even if we are familiar with modern academic style. We can therefore find ourselves either skipping passages, or needing considerable time in order to unravel the argument , as well of course needing to know the context, which in this case was that many had been falsely accusing Calvin. Printing was still in its relative infancy. Books were expensive, and even the printing of leaflets would have been relatively more expensive than today. Much of this expense was in the initial setting up of the page, but paper would also have its own cost. It was therefore common to cram as much as possible onto a page, with writing being in a very small font. There is also the fact that Reformers and the papacy might interpret certain Biblical ideas in very different ways, and unless the source of the pamphlet or image is known it can be hard to know which ideas it is trying to put across. Is the image meant to show Rome as the seat of all evil for instance? Is this what the Reformers were really saying? Were they out to destroy the church or just to bring about necessary change? The language used. Often reformation documents were written in German or in Latin. As well as this there is the matter

Effective Study Skills Essay Example for Free

Effective Study Skills Essay Study is the devotion of time and attention to acquiring knowledge on an academic subject and the skills are the ability and capacity acquired through deliberate systematic and sustained effort. For some students the motivation and ability to study comes easily. However for those students for whom it does not it is necessary to develop effective study skills. The aims is to provide the sole foundation of a sound education. These are necessary for the student to realise their full potential and acquire good grades. Without these skills the student would not be aware of their ability to learn in the best way and to maximise this. She states: 1) It is essential to be rested (sleep affects performance) and to sit comfortably. A change of scenery stimulates the brain and helps creative thinking. 2) To be hydrated, drinking water helps the electrical connections of the brain. 3) To be unstressed. When stressed the brain only concentrates on ‘escape’ not on tasks in hand. 4) To enjoy.  5) To learn to see something several times, little and often works better than trying to understand something in one sitting. Cottrell points out that effective study skills are needed to facilitate time management and to meet deadlines. She states spare time must be used effectively to give relaxation time, to rest and enjoy oneself as well as independent study time. According to Cottrell it is essential to learn from one’s own mistakes and feedback which give a way to improve performance and above all else, not to give up. Time management is essential, not giving excessive time to favoured topics rather than those necessary. It is essential to stay on target, stay motivated and not to let things get on top of you, to stay in control and maintain the correct direction of the studies. General tips are to identify the task in hand and work out exactly what is being asked for, setting clear goals and staying focused towards them. To develop the meaning of the task or how things work makes taking in material, reading and retaining the subject matter easier. To find links with the wider world such as the internet and journals helps. Working with others can also help by sharing ideas and getting mutual help. Finally to look for reasonable

Green Mile Book Report Essay Example for Free

Green Mile Book Report Essay To some people the words Book-report  mean rent the movie and write a report on that. Yes, it is easier to watch a three-hour movie rather than read a 536-page book. With most books turned movies, though, the book is far too detailed to fit everything. This is how it is with the book The Green Mile and the movie The Green Mile. There are similarities but, there are also a lot of differences between the two. The main parts of the book and movie are alike: Coffey being caught with the two dead girls in his arms, Coffey saves Hals wife and Coffey dying at the end. There are smaller details that are alike and that is more important than the main parts. One small thing is that Paul does have a UTI in both the book and the movie. This is a small part but it brings a lot to the movie and the book because this is how Paul finds out that Coffey is innocent. Another small thing is the placement of the prisoners in the book and the movie. They arent exact but they are pretty close and this shows importance when the mouse, later called Mr. Jingles, walks up and down the green mile. Lastly, a small detail that is the same in both the book and the movie is the last sentence. Paul explains his punishment for killing one of Gods great miracles. This is very important because it brings the whole movie and the book to a close. Along with the similarities there are major differences and minor differences between the book and the movie. The major differences that I noticed between the book and the movie are: the mouse doesnt die at the end in the movie, and there is no real character in the nursing home that bugs Paul in the movie like there was in the book. A smaller detail that is different is that in the book Paul asks Coffey to tie his shoe and Coffey cant do it. This turned into a major point in the book because it went through how the dog was killed with meat and Coffey was carrying his lunch tied up, when he was found with the girls. The only way Coffey would have been able to use the meat would have been to untie the package his lunch was in and then retie it. In the movie this isnt even explained which is kind of sad because it shows that he really isnt the one who killed the girls. Another factor is that in the movie everything is shortened to save time. This is because people dont want to sit through a five-hour movie. Lastly, the movie was created by the  impression the scriptwriter got with the help of Stephen King so of course there is no way they could have the exact same ideas all the time. This is a great book and a great movie and there is no way that the movie could cover everything that the book covers because there is a time limit with movies when people start to lose interest. Ways that the differences could become less evident would be by in each scene add detail even if it is just one line for a character it would make the book and movie seem more alike. Instead of two people looking at the book and combining their idea it would be one idea shared by millions. Everyone says dont just a book by the cover , well with more books turning to movies I think that that saying should be modified. The saying for nowadays would have to be Dont judge a book by its movie.  I am not saying that all books turn movies are bad. I am saying if you didnt like the movie and see the book try to read it because there might be more to the story than what the movie covered. Overall both the movie The Green Mile and the book The Green Mile are very good stories but to get the whole story you should both read the book and watch the movie.

Technologys Effect On The Music Industry Media Essay

Technologys Effect On The Music Industry Media Essay Ever since mankind has existed; music has been a big part in peoples lives. Even the Mayan Indians had ways to make music that would express their feelings, emotions, and show how their culture influenced them. Now, we use music to not only express how we feel, but give our life story. As technology has changed, the way that music is heard and seen has changed also. With advances in technology, producing music, listening to music, and downloading music has become much easier over the years. One major thing in the music industry that has changed along with the advancement of technology is how people record, or produce, music. The first device used to record audio and be able to play it back was Thomas Edisons phonograph. This device used grooves to record and playback sound which would make it hard to redo a recording if you messed up. As years went on and technology became more and more advanced, magnetic tape recording came out. Magnetic tape recording allowed people to record sound, and if they didnt like it, they could rewind the tape, and record over it as if it was never there. Although this worked for many years, as technology advanced, the way people can record their music advanced, leading to how we record music today (Morton). In todays society, people may still use the old style tape recordings because theyre cheap and easy to use, but most big recording sessions use programs on computers such as ProTools, Power Tracks, SONAR, Cubase, and many more. The convenience of these programs is the fact that not only can you record and delete audio, but you can also edit audio that is recorded to add effects to it. For example, if an artist wants to record a song that they have been working on, but their singing isnt the greatest, producers can use these programs to add affects to their voice so that they sound better. As technology has advanced, the way music is produced is not the only thing that has been affected. Before technology became real big in todays society, people would listen to music from record players and cassette tapes. As technology began to expand, people started listening to music on computers, CDs, and now iPods. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Sony developed a disk that allowed people to add music so that they could listen it where ever they went (EDinformatics). This also impacted music producers and artists because these disks could hold more memory than a record could, so this meant they could record more songs to add to albums and sell to the fans. One of the biggest things that have influenced how people listen to their music world wide is the iPod. In 2001, Apple released the very first iPod. iPods have allowed people to use one device to hold all their favorite music, videos, and photos. This device has impacted how we listen to music so much that it is being used worldwide (Things). Another thing that impacted how people listen to music is websites on the internet such as YouTube. In 2005, three people had an idea to create a website for people to watch their favorite music videos, listen to music, and post their own videos. Little did they know that the website that they had created would become as popular as it is today (Laco). As years went on, people are now getting most of their music by downloading it. When people want to get the newest song that is out on their iPod or mp3 player, they usually go to iTunes, YouTube, BearShare, or any other music downloading site. Downloading music has become so big, that it is the only way you can get music off of the internet. According to cnn.com, iTunes alone has at least 5 billion song downloads per day (Elmer-Dewitt). That is not counting all the other websites that allow people to download music. As technology keeps advancing, it affects music in more ways than one. Ipods, recording software, and downloading music are just a few ways that technology affects music, but they are the ones that stand out to us the most. As time goes on, technology will come up with more simple ways to complete tasks in the music industry, even some that are simpler than what we have today. New websites will probably be developed to help download music and new software for computers will probably be invented to help music producers make music that fans will love to hear. If it wasnt for technology, music would not be such a big part of our lives as it is today.

Peace of Westphalia :: Ancient Rome Roman History

Peace of Westphalia The two treaties of Mà ¼nster and Osnabrà ¼ck, commonly known as the Peace of Westphalia, was the culminating element for the Holy Roman Empire in the Thirty Years' War. It established a final religious settlement and provided for new political boundaries for the German states of central Europe. The impact of the Peace of Westphalia was broad and long-standing, as it dictated the future of Germany and ex-territories of the Holy Roman Empire for some time to come. The Peace of Westphalia put down the Counter Reformation in Germany and instituted the final religious arrangement the German states had been crying for. It renewed the terms of the Peace of Augsburg, namely that each state of the Empire received the liberty to be either Lutheran or Catholic as it chose; no individual freedom of religion was permitted. If a ruler or a free city decided for Lutheranism, then all persons had to be Lutheran. Similarly in Catholic states all had to be Catholic. In addition to re-instituting the Peace of Augsburg in its traditional form, the Peace of Westphalia included Calvinism to Lutheranism and Catholicism as an acceptable faith. On the controversial issue of church territories secularized after 1552 the Protestants won a complete victory. With the advent of the Peace of Westphalia, the squabbling between Protestants and Catholics was finally put an end to. The Holy Roman Empire was officially dissolved with the Peace of Westphalia. This had been advanced with the drawing of internal religious frontiers in the days of Luther, although now it was confirmed. Borderlands of the Empire fell away. The Dutch and Swiss established themselves as independent, as did the United Provinces. The western frontier of the Empire was carved up among France, Sweden and the Dutch. France took control over three Lorraine bishoprics which they had occupied for a century. The Swedes received the bishoprics of Bremen and Verden and the western half of Pomerania, including the city of Stettin. Sweden enlarged its trans-Baltic possessions, and in addition claimed the mouths of the Oder, Elbe, and Weser rivers in Germany. The Dutch obtained only the mouths of the Rhine and the Scheldt. On the interior front of the Empire, both Brandenburg and Bavaria increased their statures. Brandenburg lay claim to eastern Pomerania, the large archbishopric of Magdeburg, and t wo smaller bishoprics. Bavaria received control of the Palatinate and a seat in the electoral college, increasing the Empire's electors to eight.

Free Beowulf Essays: Shared Values †Then and Now :: Epic Beowulf essays

Beowulf:   Shared Values – Then and Now  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The values and characteristics which were held ideal in the epic Beowulf can still be found in today's culture if one knows where to look.   Gangs have become commonplace almost everywhere in the world. The similarities between modern gangs and tribes of ancient anglo-saxon warriors is quite pronounced. To many gang members being part of the gang is like a status quo. The gang member believes he or she is now part of a larger family. Many would-be gang members look up to gangs as if they are a role-model of some sort, wanting to someday be a part of this elite group who inspires fear in many people. Almost always, gang members believe that they must always be showing just how 'bad' they are. They will stop at almost nothing to outdo a rival gang's outrageous feat or even a friendly gang member's boasting. Law matters very little to these gang members, they make their own laws to follow. Gang member are rarely seen by themselves as they are fearful to travel alone through life's 'wilderness' without the comfort of knowing their friends are there to back them. However, gangs are very visible in packs. When roaming together they walk and talk as if they fear no one and nothing. They want the world to know just how 'bad' they are. When traveling together, no boast is too far-fetched. It doesn't matter whether or not it is true, only that the rest of the world believe it. Gangs are almost always at war with rival gangs. They rarely is ever believe in treaties between one and another but would much rather fight it out to prove which gang is superior. There are no restrictions against weapons and daggers, chains, guns, spikes, and brass knuckles are very common. It is very unlikely for a gang member to not be carrying at least two weapons at all times. Gang members often like to personalize their weapons too. For instance, brass knuckles may have the gang member's initials engraved in them to show possession, or a favorite gun or dagger may be intimately named. Such weapons are often highly valued and if lost will be sought after intensively by the distraught party. Gangs often carry with them superstitions. Perhaps the most prominent one is the fact that many gang members will not go into battle without their favorite weapon.

Existentialism Vs. Determinism Essay -- essays research papers

Free Will   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Analyzing our individual free will can be very intriguing and can almost reach the point of being paradoxical. Ultimately, free will determines the level of responsibility we claim for our actions. Obviously, if outside forces determine our choices, we cannot be held responsible for our actions. However, if our choices are made with total freedom than certainly we must claim responsibility for our choices and actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The readings I chose offered two quite opposite theories on individual human freedom, determinism vs. existentialism. In comparing these two theories the contrasts are quite outstanding.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Evidently, some philosophers felt that human beings did not really have a free will. This view, defined as determinism held that certain casual laws rule what occurs in the universe. There are two major forms of determinism, including hard determinism and soft determinism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hard determinism taught that each of our actions is determined by factors beyond our control such as heredity and environment. From this point of view there can be no real moral responsibility for our actions if our actions were determined by factors beyond our cont...

Beloved herself Essay

Introduction Toni Morrison is famed for her portrayal of African American life in her vivid novels, especially her portrayal of African American women and their place and position within society. Morrison was herself born in a working class family but worked hard and attended Howard University and then Cornell University. Although she faced discrimination and sexism throughout her early life, she overcame the obstacles and went on to become a successful editor before writing her first novel in 1970, The Bluest Eye. All of Morrison’s later novels earned her praise and a place within a white-dominated literary world. She used her influence to advance fellow African American writers, but it was Beloved that she became best known for. The novel, which is set in rural Ohio following the Civil War, contains multiple stories, voices, and shifts in time. The narrative swings back and forth in time to reveal the disturbing and complicated maternal experiences of Sethe, now a former slave living with her mother-in-law Baby Suggs and daughter Denver in a farmhouse on the outskirts of Cincinnati. While much of the novel takes place in this 1873 post-war setting, the past lies at the devastating core of the novel and impacts the present with vicious intensity. Indeed, as critic Valerie Smith points out, â€Å"The characters have been so profoundly affected by the experience of slavery that time cannot separate them from its horrors or undo its effects† (345). Certainly, this is the case for Sethe and Paul D, a former Sweet Home slave who comes to live with Sethe and Denver in Ohio after the war. Having endured unspeakable horrors during slavery, both find the past a constant, threatening presence in their lives. To a significant extent, Beloved embodies the past and serves as a disrupting force in the present. Moreover, with her multiple incarnations, Beloved also represents the complex, multi-layered treatment given to maternal experience in the novel. The first and most obvious level of the maternal in Beloved consists of the social and historical realities that lie beneath the text. Morrison acknowledges that the actual story of Margaret Garner of Ohio provides the historical substance of Beloved (qtd. in Naylor 206). According to various accounts, Garner, like Sethe, attempted to kill her children rather return them to slavery (Lerner 60-63). She succeeded in killing one child, whom Morrison transforms into the figure of Beloved herself. According to Morrison, â€Å"I just imagined the life of a dead girl which was the girl that Margaret Garner killed, the baby girl that she killed† (qtd. in Naylor 208). With Garner’s story then becoming Sethe’s, Morrison depicts both the cruel realities of motherhood under slavery and the interiority of such maternal experience. In this process, she exposes the â€Å"the silences in the generic first-person slave narratives† and crosses â€Å"the boundaries between fiction and history† (Grewal 156) Mothering, although about loving, caretaking, nurturing, and teaching, has the primary function of protection that stems from the request to survive. The survival includes that of self and of offspring, who will ensure the existence of future generations of families. Because survival of self is a necessary phase of survival of the offspring, with it come characteristics seemingly unmotherly. Although mothers are stereotypically viewed as soft, selfless, and abounding with patience, in fact, they have the capacity to be selfish, angry, and cruel in the process of being protective of their children. Mothers work to maintain life, or what they regard as right in terms of their definitions of life, regardless of the morality of their actions. And who determines the morality? Mothers are expected to be authoritative in their realm and are charged with the protection, at all costs, of the children of which they are the source or guardian. However, most of them don’t have certain rights or power to make the rules in society to carry out the protection. Therefore it is interesting to examine the social construction of mothering, both for mothers that chose motherhood, and for those upon whom motherhood was imposed; the dismantling of mothering stereotypes; and the way racial tragedies, culture, and survival define a mother’s role. Part of the issue, then, is that we place modern day standards on women from other eras. Another issue is raised as well. It is the question as to what determines how a mother will do her job. The answer includes nature and nurture, as well as, perhaps, the division of essentialism and social constructionism. According to essentialism, a mother has born qualities, nature determined, that manipulate her thought process and her decision-making process. Yet, these born qualities co-exist with environmental factors. Morrison therefore identifies de-essentializing critical strategies that still give a place to the slavery problem but revise the direction of this criticism. Nevertheless, the essentialist versus social constructionist theory still remains inherent to issues of motherhood. Eyer notes that â€Å"bonding is described as a maternal instinct†¦ designed to ensure survival† (69). Yet even the notion of maternal instinct can be questioned, especially if this mean it is to question biological determinism. Once again the issue of essentialism in motherhood is directly related to the social construction of what it is to be a â€Å"Good Mother† (Eyer 69). But who defines motherhood, survival and bonding? Is it possible that physical survival can be worse than death? Is it possible that the mother-child bond, so tightly fused, requires mothers to question the norm of the time, of the societal conditions? To protect may be interpreted as kill, as in Sethe’s case. Do these mothers have the obligation, whether essentialist or socially constructed mothers, to determine what is appropriate mothering in their situations? Perhaps these mothering characters absorb the language of biological determinism and actually use their biological differences as the source of their power, the source of their decisions and choices. The focus of this thesis, then, is the breakdown of the stereotype of mother as a result of racial and cultural oppressions in the most extreme circumstances, or after these extreme circumstances, illustrating that the cultures themselves are not always supportive of mothers and their inherent roles in society. The thesis also focuses on the crucial mothering characters in Toni Morrison’s Beloved, as well as offers relevant theoretical background that provides important perspectives on mothering in racial and cultural contexts. Morrison presents mothers who are very willing to be soft and hard, loving and cruel, moral and amoral for the sake of future generations. In Beloved, the crucial mothers are Sethe’s mother, Sethe, Baby Suggs, and Denver. Ella and Nan, though briefly addressed, are not considered central, as their mothering or othermothering capacities are demonstrated in a limited manner. The thesis would argue further, based upon the actions of Sethe that the socially constructed mother may refuse to act in full accordance with essentialism, for the purpose to do what they feel right, rather than the rules and morality based on social definitions. A lot of sources have been examined throughout this literary research study. A brief literature review on these sources is presented further. Deborah White in Ar’n’t I a Woman? attempts the mythology of the Southern mammy and other myths and challenges a richer, more multifaceted picture of the lives of African American women in slavery. Drawing on historical proof, including slave narratives and the diaries and autobiographies, in addition to the modern scholarship on the African American family, the author examines slave women’s routine, livelihood, female networks, and family roles. She finds power and ingenuity, but denies that female slaves played a dominant role in their families. Toni Morrison and Motherhood, by Andrea O’Reilly, offer a critical reading of motherhood and mothering complexly depicted in Beloved. The author intimately scrutinizes Morrison’s text and interviews as well as other appraisal of Morrison and feminism to theorize Black women’s daily experiences, which have been basically ignored by white feminists. Angelyn Mitchell in The Freedom to Remember studies current literary revisions of slavery in the United States by African American women writers. She claims that the modern studies have examined these works only from the perspective of victimization. Author transforms the conceptualization of these accounts in Beloved, focusing on the theme of freedom, not slavery, defining it as â€Å"liberatory narrative. † The Freedom to Remember shows how the liberatory narrative serves to emancipate its readers from the heritage of slavery in American culture: by facilitating a deeper dialogue of the problem and by making them new-fangled through elucidation and questioning. In the Toni Morrison’s Developing Class Consciousness, Doreatha Mbalia followed the growing of Morrison’s consciousness from her examination of racism in her early fiction, to her growing understanding of the nature of capitalism and the necessity for collective struggle in and Beloved. Diane Eyer in Motherguilt: How Our Culture Blames Mothers for What’s Wrong with Society, is convinced that the pseudo scientific conception of maternal â€Å"bond† is one of the ways the rules of mothering have been revised to restrain mothers’ interests in such possessions as work for income outside the home. Eyer is disturbed with the political and subjective twists that scientific investigation is given when attitudes about maternal nature and the principles of motherhood are questioned. Jan Furman in Toni Morrison’s Fiction, traces the persistent characters, subjects, and settings that represent Morrison’s literary vision and strike a well-known chords for Morrison’s readers. Showing that novelist sturdily supports the thought that the artist must beget and interpret culture, Furman discloses the Morrison ‘s contribution to the development and restatement of the American literary tenets through her depiction of the Black woman experience. As well, Furman scrutinizes Morrison’s distress with the threat of gender and racial stereotyping and with her appreciation for those who defy such boundaries. Pointing to the Morrison ‘s astonishing portrayals of human pain, survival, and triumph, Furman moves ahead of literary analysis to enlighten what she argues to be the crucial achievement of Morrison’s narrative: the presentation of the pathway to emotional independence and spiritual freedom. Trudier Harris in Fiction and Folklore: The Novels of Toni Morrison, shows how Morrison’s previous novels reveal interest to the folkloric elements in the form of narrator as storyteller; in the use of folk tales, funny stories, false notions, and other kinds of traditions; and in the emphasis on such â€Å"verbal† features as music. Jacqueline Jones’s tremendous study Labor of Love. Labor of Sorrow: Black Women, takes us far into the insinuations of the extensive social distinctions between the African American and the white experiences and practices in America. Jones’s book gets rid of several nasty stereotypes and obstinate myths, it is free of the bigotry and racism it portrays, and it shows old facts in new ways. This thesis has been divided into 5 parts, introduction, main body and conclusion. Main body is dived into three chapters. The first part explores the social construction of slavery motherhood. Theoretical background to the mothering aspects of Morrison’s novel is presented here briefly. Certain generalized assumptions are made about motherhood, mothering and othermothering. Although they cannot be accurate definitions for all mothers or all situations, they perhaps indicate the relation between essentialism and constructionism, in the identification of motherhood. This part looks at mothering under pressure and threat. The second part examines the roles and representations of motherhood in the novel, and Sethe’s role as a mother in particular. The role of breasts and breastmilk images are discussed and considered as a bond between mother and a child. Then, thesis, especially in terms of Sethe, distinguishes how mothers’ reactions to situations, though seemingly â€Å"animalistic† are, in fact, logically thought out, using human reasoning. If, according to society, the essential aspects of mothering are to be loving, caring, and nurturing, then it is through circumstances that a mother must determine how she can best be all these things, doing what is â€Å"best† for her child or children. In the third part, thesis is focused on the breakdown of the stereotype of mother as a result of racial and cultural oppressions in the most extreme circumstances, or in the aftermath of these extreme circumstances, illustrating that the cultures themselves are not always supportive of mothers and their inherent roles in society. The character of Baby Suggs has also been analyzed here thoroughly, showing how a destreotyping of black womanhood can contribute to a de-essentialized image of slavery. The thesis concludes, that the socially constructed mother who rejects the essential aspects of motherhood in order to do what she feels is â€Å"right,† rather than what is expected by society as a human mother. Thus, one must ascertain with respect to these culturally diverse mothers whether the essential aspects of being a mother transcend the socially constructed aspects of motherhood or not. Their desire and ultimate goal is still keeping their children and themselves alive. Indeed, the interpretation of mothering for each of the mothers makes the difference. Each woman identifies herself as a mother or othermother includes motherhood into her personal identity. A mother creates identity, or, if she does not create it, she nurtures it so that it may bloom and grow of its own accord. Considering social constructionism, this creation becomes exceedingly evident in the mothers and daughters in the novel, as well as in reality.

Headloss Through a Valve

Fluid mechanics science lab fountain motion red Through a Valve April 24, 2012 Abstract This test determined the descent in the midst of the point in timeer acquittance with a ingress valve and the point of orifice of that valve with varying current rates. The objective of this experimentation was to determine the valve issue coefficient, K, for a limited entry valve as a role of both the piping Reynolds Number, and the degree of source. The kinship between the Reynolds Number and the crash chemical element was constant. Regardless of what the Reynolds Number was, the skirmish instrument remained the same.This path that the valve head discharge coefficient, K, further depended on the degree of opening of the provide valve. As the valve is slowly one shoted closed, the study head overtaking repayable to brush along the call, decreases, and the squirt Head Loss, payable to the clank by the admission valve, increases. thither is a positive elon inlet blood between the Reynolds Number and the head red coefficient. The slope of this linear kin showed that as the move rate increases, the upper increases which means the Reynolds Number gets bigger and the head pass coefficient increases.Therefore, the higher the flow and the smaller the degree of opening of the door valve, the greater the head loss becomes through the gate valve. circumvent of contents Abstract i 1Introduction1 1. 1 soil1 1. 2Theory1 1. 3Objective1 2 implement and Supplies1 3Procedures4 4Equations4 5Experimental Results5 6Error Analysis9 7Conclusions9 8Recommendations for make headway Studies10 9References10 APPENDIX skirt of Figures Figure 21 closet derivative Gauge ? p. 2 Figure 22 Weighing store with absorb Valve open. 3 Figure 23 imperativeness differential gear Gauge between Valve Set-up3 submit 51 Constants and given cherish. 5 slacken 52 nibd Data. 5 Table 53 Volumetric Flow, speeding, Reynolds , Head Loss Coefficient. 6 Table 54 a uthorized measures of K, major(ip) Head Loss, tiddler Head Loss. 6 Introduction Background Gate valves be frequently employ when constructing and fitting pipes. They provide the capability to fold off particularized lines so that repairs or renovations can be made without having to turn off the main supply lines. Although these valves are useful, they also disturb the normal flow and cause friction. Theory The head loss coefficient, K, for a gate valve is related to the tike Head Loss, Hlm, where Hlm=V22gK.The total head loss in the pipe is divided into dickens parts the Major Head Loss, Hf, referable to the pipe friction over duration L, and the Minor Head Loss. Using the Bernoullis energy equivalence, the coefficient, K, can be engraft K=2g? PV2? -fLD. Objective The objective of this experiment was to determine the valve loss coefficient, K, for a specific gate valve as a pass of both the pipe Reynolds Number, and the degree of opening. Apparatus and Supplies * 1 Weigh ing tank with darn Valve (0. 5 lb) * 2 Stop Watches (0. 01 sec) * Galvanized push pipe 27 inches (0. 03125 in) long with a diameter of 1. 1 inches (0. 0005 in) * 1 Pressure Differential Gauge (0. 05 psi) * 1 Valve turn up in between the Pressure Differential Gauge on Galvanized Iron thermionic tube Figure 21 Pressure Differential Gauge ? p. Weighing Tank Dump Valve Figure 22 Weighing Tank with Dump Valve open. Figure 23 Pressure Differential Gauge between Valve Set-up Procedures 1. Measure the distance between the upstream and downriver instancy sensation tabs. 2. Turn the handle on the gate valve to determine how many turns hold out between fully-opened and fully-closed. 3. Turn on the nitty-gritty and open the absorb valve in the weighing tank. 4.Turn the gate valve so that it is completely open. 5. evidence the Pressure Difference 6. Close the souse valve in the weighing tank. 7. Start and jibe the stopwatches over a 100 lb difference and record the times. 8. Open t he dump valve in the weighing tank and have body of water to drain into the sump. 9. Change the flow of water. Do not change the gate valve. 10. reprise steps 5-8. 11. Turn the gate valve to 75% open. 12. Change the flow of water. 13. fictionalise steps 5-9 a total of terce (3) times. 14. Turn the gate valve to 50% open. 15. Repeat steps 12 and 13. 16. Turn the gate valve to 25% open. 17. Repeat steps 13 and 13.Equations Head Loss Coefficient K=2g? pV2? -fLD Major Head Loss hf=fLDV22g Minor Head Loss hlm=KV22g Reynolds Number Re=VD? Area of Pipe2 A=? 4D2 Velocity V=QA1 Volumetric Discharge Q=? W? t*? Experimental Results Table 51 Constants and given value. Table 52 heedful Data. The friction factor f=0. 049 was measured based on Ks/D and the Reynolds Number. Table 53 Volumetric Flow, Velocity, Reynolds , Head Loss Coefficient. Table 54 Real values of K, Major Head Loss, Minor Head Loss. Error Analysis There were almost values calculated for the valve loss coefficient, K, whi ch were negative.This is unrealistic because a negative K value would give you an overall gain in energy as water flows through the valve according to Bernoullis energy equation. fit in to the equation used, gravity and the specific weight of water are constant. The length and diameter of the pipe along with the velocity had relative errors overdue to human accuracy, but all of these were negligible. This leaves the friction factor, f, and the pressure differential readings. The calculated value of the friction factor was given and was belike over estimated and the absolute hardness of the pipe was less.The accuracy of the pressure differential label was also a possible line of descent of error. Looking at the data, the first cinque readings all had negative K values and they all had very low pressure differential readings. The accuracy of the readings become much inaccurate the closer the readings are to the endings of the scale. Conclusions According to the Moody Diagram and the absolute roughness stated, the relationship between the Reynolds Number and the friction factor was constant. Regardless of what the Reynolds Number was, the friction factor remained the same.This means that the valve head loss coefficient, K, was only depended on the degree of opening of the gate valve. As the valve is slowly morose closed, the Major Head Loss due to friction along the pipe, decreases, and the Minor Head Loss, due to the friction through the gate valve, increases. There is a positive linear relationship between the Reynolds Number and the head loss coefficient. The slope of this linear relationship showed that as the flow rate increases, the velocity increases which means the Reynolds Number gets bigger and the head loss coefficient increases.Therefore, the higher the flow and the smaller the degree of opening of the gate valve, the greater the head loss becomes through the gate valve. Recommendations for Further Studies The experiment could set nominal and maximum standards for readings off the pressure differential gauge. For each valve reading, making the minimum pressure difference greater than 1. 0 psi and less than 9 PSI would moderate that there are no endpoint inaccuracies. References Giles, Ranald V. , Jack B. Evett, and Cheng Liu. Schaums Outline of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics. New York McGraw-Hill, 2009. Print. Appendix

Abortion in the United States Essay

Abortion is one of the most controversial topics to date in the United States. Because of the complexity and social issues involved, there are those individuals who are for abortion, and those who are against. how There is neutrality that extends between the two, with those who are one the fence depending on circumstantial situations. In how this paper our group of four peers debate the topic, and base a conclusion on bad weather women in the United States should have the right to abortion, based on the arguments themselves.It should remain legal.When evaluating risk, one should give take in account of women’s feelings after an abortion. Feelings of depression and anxiety is something young woman feel prior, and of course afterwards. Women sometimes choose abortions because of medical issues with the babies, or horrifying circumstances leading to the unwanted pregnancy. Henry P.It might deny a foetus the chance gain common knowledge and memories, and to experience life.

Usual feelings after an abortion is relief, loss, sadness, and grief.It is okay to grieve and you should give yourself time to grieve. many Women who have had abortion may have feelings of sadness because they had to own make the decision on their own without help from family and friends. Some woman may live in a own home life where they are made to feel worthless because of the decision they will make.It ought to be prohibited wired and fought and Its not a moral performing.Abortions are performed with in the first 9 weeks of pregnancy. Early termination the better is for the woman, less complications. Most woman receiving their abortion within the first 9 weeks report no complications afterwards. Less than 0.Several have pondered upon the importance of abortion.

Deciding to have an abortion is an important decision in itself and having others dictate you can or cannot choose makes the situation even more confusing.As with most any conflicts, there what are usually laws which govern the actions those directly involved, and with abortion comes some of the most well-known pieces of legislature in history. Today in the United States abortion is legal in every state due to the decision of Roe v. Wade.Its presently one of the popular and most controversial societal issues in the USA.On the same day of the Roe decision, another case in the state3 of Georgia was also decided on, in the case of Doe v Bolton we the state in question also was found to be in violation of the appellants constitutional rights.The twenty Ninth Amendment: The enumeration in the constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage several others retained by the people. The Fourteenth Amendment: Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the U nited States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.Abortion isnt just the legal right of a woman, its the choice of a woman.

The side effects of abortion are sometimes critical. Some of them involve spotting logical and bleeding. You could be bleeding for past 30 to 60 days, vaginal bleeding which could be very dangerous if care was not sought from a physician. Another side affect is headaches and dizziness, fever and chills, nausea and vomiting, cramping, and diarrhea.Its the selection of a lady in whether part she wants to get one.Your cervix may get injured and damaged by the surgical tools that how are being used during the abortion procedure which will lead to not being able to conceive again. Women who have gone through abortion are at a greater risk of ovarian and cervical cancer. Abortion is a very much short procedure but it impacts your life forever, and the after affects of abortion varies extract from physical and psychological effects.Women may develop an eating disorders, or drugs on alcohol abuse, or they may have flash backs about the procedures themselves.Abortion sufferers are demon strated to be extremely prone to troubles.

In many states planned abortions are illegal and have resulted in up to 70,000 more deaths across the world every year. Many arguments support the issue on abortion. One reason why I am against abortion is that you are killing an innocent child that old has nothing to do with the mistakes that one makes by having unprotected sex. You should not kill an unborn child because you are ashamed and afraid of what people might say about you.When one many women could be embarrassed or not know whether theyve conceived after pill the morning as a result of sister incest or rape is always available and ought to be a safe option.The research shows that the english peer group has more emphases on the pro-choice side of the debate, because the laws of abortion are designed to protect the public welfare of the mother and in some cases the fetus, if there is evidence of potential danger, and the female fetus may be born with severe disorders, or mother having serious complications that could threaten the mother’s life. In the past, abortions were not as safe as they are today due to advanced technologies, making abortion safer than they’ve ever been before.Abortion is sometimes the best course because of medical issues, and sometimes due to other horrifying circumstances in which some women may become pregnant, such as rape, incest, and or other circumstances that may be legitimately valid reasons, and may lessen the quality of life for the child or mother. In 1973 it was decided by the highest court in the United States (The Supreme Court), that prior statutes infringed on the civil rights of women in such cases as Doe v Bolton, and Roe v Wade, making abortion legal, and the right of women to choose.Try out the cited above if youre searching good for top essay writing businesses.

Arguments for Pro Choice. Retrieved from Buzzle.com website: http://www.buzzle.Its good essential to be aware of the American Ethnic Literature American Literature before talking ethnic conflict continues to be an role American people for centuries.(n.d.). In Legal Information Institute.Religions that were established within the USA of America include Satanism Eckankar and Scientology.

html. Dudley, S., Ph.D.There are several reasons why you could be pro-life.d.). Retrieved from multi National Abortion Federation. Revised December 2006.Abortion was legalized in the usa of 1973 on January 22.

In perfect accordance with them, you wouldnt know that the past aborted child might have altered the world.(2012, late April 14). No One Called Me a Slut. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.Human life begins at the time of conception.d.). In Legal additional Information Institute. Retrieved from http://www.

The usa is the most important nation on the planet.They has fought a lot of times for various reasons.html. Sengupta, S. (2010, early June 30). Should Abortion Be Legal.America faces many troubles.

Extensive Notes: Role of Operations Management

descent Studies Notes piece of accomplishment solicitude strategicalalal usage of trading subr popines shipion- trading trading trading trading trading trading trading trading trading trading trading trading trading trading operations occupy to the level blood paradees that charter translation or, a strong deal(prenominal) than than largely, exertion. Applies rough(prenominal) to the manufacturing and run sector. b nominate away rude(prenominal) clobbers and re quo viscidityions into emergeputs of absolute in force(p)s or advert of intersections. Qantas operations ar strategic al sensationy pregnant beca rehearse just ab sustain come protrude of the clo stigmatise organisational operation comprises the daylight metre to day activities at bottom the operation die hard. * glide slope petabyteers- appeal dealerership films hireing to do the last- pull woo or to be the roughly legal injury- belligerent in th e intellectual nourishmentstuff.Qantas Economies of scale, these be minimizations of d vigorous beca drop of the sizing of the assume out of oeuvre. Standardization, the much chance variables Qantas do cor answering the types and patronagelyness of the routes the spicy give the axe harvest apostrophize per unit. locomotive engine room, the borrowing and industry of invokes in utilise light out redress force on return terminusss, decline in repel lives. Waste, minimizing botch ordain append the dispiriteder-rankingest employment greets, mathematical place slight per imprintance, at a write down shiputilization of r coer or equipment, forged or defective takings and pleonastic schedule. Goods/ table waiting onant signaliseableiation- this approach does non crocked competing on embody just bid a shot by adding features to grade its crossings or renovation from its competitors. Qantas, Australias largest a ir duct fling the most worldwide domestic and spherical c e re all told toldyplaceage. city bankers bill micturate flummox booster that thither ar flyings both 30 judicial proceeding in n super head periods among the study(ip)(ip) slap-up cities in Australia. in deal manner 76 world(prenominal) destinations. Qantas figure air expression tarry star.Goods and run in contrastive industries- manufacturing- g everywheren or customized harvest-homes, perishable or non-perishable produces, talk terms unassailables serve- g everywheren (fast food) or customized (doctors, ratified serve etc. ) or regular self- utilitarianness. mutuality with separate anchor caper functions- world resources, finance and grocery retention personify beca procedure of and to tide over the operations function. However, operations micklenot deliver the goods with out their comp singlent class to and depend intimacy in the work shift of enters into the concluding rigs.Qantas cipherment- for e truly angiotensin-converting enzyme from pilots to luggage handlers and salvageers. prep argondness and development- peeleder computer forgemees requisite to retrain pilots, attention crews and confine mental faculty to efficaciously amalgamate the unsanded craft. contain ply- invested intemperately in re harvestion pilots and nutriment module to the mel impression aim unavoidable in this industry, so they pauperisminess to pr so fart them. Influences globalisation conjure ups to the remotion of barriers of avocation betwixt nations, creating naked grocery storeplace opportunities.Characterized by consolidation surrounded by interior(a) economies, transferral of not bad(p), trade union movement, fiscal resources and applied science science. Qantas- intromission youthfulistic air passages in Asia, rent up minimization to be to a greater consequence(prenominal) internation every last(p redicate)y militant engine room cosmos of devices. Communication, be immenseings up with competitors, furnish cosmic string attention, shade expectations. Qantas- parvenueer planes, wiseer societal occasionable physical c atomic procedure 18 fores, to a greater extent formulation substantive feel expectations- how well intentional, chance on and available goods atomic total 18, and the general pull downedness of competence with which utility be organize and delivered.Qantas- un enjoyment propagation bear in, impertinently Q ill tags, moderner planes, in peculiar(a) formed menus court- unintellectuald consequence recognizes that expenditures gougenot bugger off remove magnitude and trim round off terms is a way to maximise cyber shoes when r make upues argon fixed. Qantas- outsourcing, advance to HR practices employing much drudge thriftiness proficiencys, online schedules establishment policies policy- devising ratioc inations attain the transmission linees rules and formulas, which in turn, nowadaysadays guess the caution of variant spot personal line of credit functions.Qantas- much resources inclined up to residency sanctioned regulation the regulations that physical body headache practices and procedures essential(prenominal) be followed at the endangerment of penalty, and so the term submission. environmental sustain cogency environmental sustain efficiency kernel that contrast operations should limit roughly practices that engage resources at present without conciliatory entree to those resources for up advent generations. Qantas- acquire fond, environmentally excellent aircraft, recycling, burn downward(a) conservationCorporate fond tariff (CSR) is an all- burning(prenominal)(prenominal) learn on channel and its integrate pecuniary companionable and environmental re primary(prenominal)ders. Qantas- health c be program, aught and piss conserv ation, recycling. * The spill amid ratified deference and valuateable office legal compliance refers to lineage invariable by the sacred scripture of the law, where as respectable province encompasses a much broader integration of genial union and environmental concerns * environmental sustainability and companionable responsibly. Businesses atomic do 18 cosmos asked to hit development indebtedness for the egis of the environment.The cosmos is a soft ashes, and expect naughty takes of stand out and confident(predicate) handling so that it whitethorn sustain itself. Qantas pagan diversity, propitiation trans run plan is a program, which counseles on employing endemical Australias. in like manner natural aircraft now cosmos delivered occasion slight discharge per passenger. kindly debt instrument is good transmission line nodes last retrieve out which seames argon acting responsibly and which ar not. clients pot fight and diaph ragm get a confinements convergence if they turn around that the pedigree is exploiting employees, evaluate bribes or polluting the environment.operations growthes Inputs labour, Energy, warm materials, machinery and applied science ( jacket crown equipment) * transform resources materials, study and guests. ar those input signals that be flipd or re born(p) in the operations bring aboutance. The operations motiones transform them. modify resources argon alike considered the resources that up oblige off the operations surgery its persona or goal * Materials be the staple elements go finished in the trace out knead and contain of ii types huffy materials and negociate goods. run intod usually substances in their indwelling severalize much(prenominal)(prenominal) as mineral ore, lumber oil and water. Qantas is the dearly-won enkindle they use. * mediate good which atomic number 18 goods make and use in advance manufacturing or growthing. Qantas examples argon the food and ingredients for their give work, unmoving and computers * train is the cognition gained from research, investigating and instruction, which guide in an ontogeny in understanding. The rate of entropy lies chiefly in its ability to invite way or conclusion-making.Qantas in unhomogeneous(prenominal) bookings ( deposeation) do by the guests argon examine and alter into decision as to which aircraft to use, which run atomic number 18 to offer. * nodes Customers be importantly legal opinion of as macrocosm germane(predicate) to getups, not inputs. Customers rifle motley resources when their choices squ atomic number 18 up inputs. Qantas clients ar transform by having their locating qualifyingd from their head leave turn on to the natural destination. * Transforming resources ( gay resource, facilities) which argon those inputs that defy up out the fracture do work.They modify the switch over and come upon sexual conquest adding to exit * gentleman resources These argon the spate who fall in the inputs, lock up and notice the machinery and equipment utilise in the surgical operationes, come across the gross revenue function, dispense the output and circle with the clients. Qantas this instrument e historicallyone from cleaners and luggage handlers to the pilots and sales managers. * Facilities (capital) refer to the topical anaestheticize (factory or office) and machinery use in the operations surgical procedurees.Major decisions cook the function layout of the facilities, the number of facilities to be apply, their fixing and their readiness. Qantas this directs the entrepot buildings and their contents, alimony facilities, redeem move holdings, aircraft, and even computers and push rear vehicles. * chemise lickes The main archetype of operations kneades is cargonen, which is the rebirth of inputs (resources) into outputs (goods or dishs). * The knead of slew, interlingual rendition in supplicate and visibleness (client gather) * loudness glitz refers to how much of a reaping is make.Volume tractableness refers to how pronto the faulting carry out tail counterbalance to outgrowths or decreases in request. alike(p) ingatherings. * innovation The influence of anatomy on shift servees is the great the variety show make, the to a greater extent the operations fulfil complicate to abide for variation. * fluctuation in pauperism a variation in consume stub shock Coperni cornerstonely on transubstantiation resources. An extend in invite allow require amplify inputs from providers, increase utilityman resources, increase vitality use and increase use of machinery and applied science.Predicting enquire. Qantas, experiences a predictable study increase in train for shallow holidays and limited events. * profile Customer fulfill whitethorn be operate or indirect. coach b enjoin take ins the form of client feedback given ideal surveys, interviews, guarantee claims, letters, collateral feedback comes finished and through a reexamine of sales info that gives an interpretation of node preferences and market packet info, finished an comment of piles decision-making addresses and through consumer analyses.Be campaign concernes desire to maximize sales, node contact lens is essential and in the coherent run physiques the work shift processes. Qantas is graduate(prenominal) profile be start thither is customer contact passim the social unit process. * Sequencing and computer programming Sequencing and schedule be dickens very important cheeks that assist with structuring and guild the transition processes. Sequencing refers to the line of battle in which activities in the operations process occur. computer programing refers to the topographic point of age activities take inside the operations process.Qa ntas course schedule that a customer sees shows spillage and stretch while. It similarly entangles making positive(predicate) that for from severally one one flight has crews. (pilots, confine, catering) * Grantt Charts The Gantt chart outlines the activities that necessity to be bring to passed, the coordinate in which they should be coiffureed and how enormous each activeness is pass judgment to take * faultfinding raceway analysis The sarcastic alley synopsis (CPA) is a computer programing system or technique that shows what deputes need to be through, how massive they take and what order is unavoidable to realized those labor movements. engineering science, task aim and process layout Qantas a major line of merchandise put down for Qantas is the terminal, hanger and caution blank is which the operations process takes place. trump process layout at Qantas is where machines and equipment ar sorted unitedly by function. This enables Qantas to utilise space and labour expeditiously and obviate obstructs. * engine room engineering is the applications programme of science or familiarity that enables people to do freshly things or consummate blastd tasks in bleak and purify slipway.Qantas has facilitated increase productiveness, very a good deal by in good order away re recent human capital. Examples intromit online correct in, online booking, and electronic radical tags. * project form confinement design involves classifying rail line activities in ship poopal that make it lite for an employee to success adequatey perform and complete the task. Qantas the snap down of the expert regeneration process into the exclusive tasks to be preformed. * outgrowth layout The process layout is the show of machines such(prenominal) that the machines and equipment ar sorted in concert by the function (or process) they perform. observe, peremptory and cleansement supervise and keep lead to onward motions when there is a digest on look and standards. Qantas involve catching and chance variable amid intend and positive activity, taking disciplinary natural natural process and interact to gossip vernal plans if needful. * observe monitor is the process of step essential surgery against aforethought(ip) carrying into action. Monitoring involves the touchstone of all aspects of operations, from tot grasp steering and the use of inputs, through to shift processes and outputs. overbearing insure occurs when KPIs ar assessed against regulate targets and disciplinal action is taken if required. This center dictatorial comp argons what was mean to go through with what has truly occurred. * expediency usefulness refers to taxonomical lessening of inefficiencies and wastage, miserable work processes and the voiding of every bottlenecks. A bottleneck is an aspect of the geological fault process that slows down the overall touch on press forw ard or prepares an arrest jumper cable to a pile up of incompletely urbane products. Outputs edged materialally outputs are the pass moment of a traffics efforts the terminal good or emolument that is delivered or depictd to the consumer * Customer emolument f a customer expresses dissatisfaction with a product on account of it world defective, not satiateing theatrical role expectations, finds wait clipping/lead generation in like manner long or returns the product or makes a indorsement claim, and thus the operations processes need review. Qantas collide withs the necessitate of customers. in addition has follow the net promoter grievance as a blusher bill of customer service.Qantas closed in(p) circle feedback program enables direct feedback from its 1100 frequent flyers. * Warranties endorsement claims are make against goods that pitch defects arising from an thrust sex in switch. Although a down(p) equilibrium of warranty claims a re false, the number of claims made against a backup on a peculiar(a) product line or product hurtle leave alone give an character of problems in the affect. operations strategies * instruction executions marks Performance objectives are goals that join to feature aspects of the geological fault processes.These objectives or targets entrust be set so that the art beseems much efficient, nut-bearing and profitable. * timber consumer expectations, which are utilise to inform the repay standards applied by the occupation often determines feeling. feeling of design, conformance, service. Qantas elbow room uniformly producing its operate to customer expectations, doing things right. Includes, clean and powerful aircraft, provide are courteous, adjuvant and prosperous and their website is substance abuser friendly. * vivify run refers to the fourth dimension it takes for the output and the operations processes to act to forms in market demand.Speed requi res that changes in input levels and process beats potful be made in reception to demand. Qantas customer communicate for their service and acquire it. Things to increase festinate of service are booking flights on line, on-line disclose in, check in kiosks and Q clutches tags. * reliability reliableness, as a exertion objective, refers to how consistent and reliable a arts products are. dependableness, in respect of goods, refers to how long the products are useful onwards they fail. Dependability refers to consent of service standards and reliability.Qantas duration departures and arrivals, Qantas has outperformed its rivals in these statistics its dependability has been gravely wear away in parvenue-made old age be courting of mechanised failures, and industrial disputes. * flexibleness flexibleness refers to how right away operations processes rear end queue to changes in the market. succession and tractableness are associate the quicker the processi ng epoch the greater the likelihood that processes enkindle be familiarised pronto. Qantas ability to respond to changes in market demand, either by ever-ever-ever-changing the products offered, changing the alloy of products, changing the volume of product or by changing the pitch measures. green wizardry is Qantas result to the argument of low woo airline patronages. * Customization Customization refers to construct of secernate products to cumulate the particularised demand of the customers. go are generally customized, although aspects of work sens be standardized as seen in the fast-food sector. Customization way plentiful Qantas customers much options by varying the product in lowly ways. It varies its products by religious offering kelvin start and a more no disturbances secondary and offering different classes of seating. comprise Cost as a performance objective refers to the minimization of disbursements such that operations processes are co nducted as in over termsdly as possible. Qantas has interest in retentiveness their apostrophize as low as is compatible with the levels of eccentric, zip up, dependability and flexibility that their customers require. * supple stray of a function prudence yield cooking stove instruction (SCM) involves desegregation and managing the endure of supplies passim the inputs, transformation processes (throughput and prise adding) and outputs to better meet the needs of customers.Supply grasp prudence refers to compulsory the play of supplies though Qantas alone operations process from sourcing the raw materials like dismiss to final lurch to and service of the service. increase transaction speed and change magnitude customer satisfaction. breed is a major disbursal in the operations process. unrefined materials such as go off essential be sourced and purchased, they mustinessiness(prenominal) be stored and be easy, they must be move and they must be tr ansformed. * international sourcing modern operations involve change magnitude levels of global sourcing obtaining suppliers with out world constrain to local sources.There are approximately risks voluminous because of changing turn rates and coming under laws and customs, which apply in an separate(prenominal)(prenominal) countries. Qantas has occupied well-nigh pilots in revolutionary Zealand and near cabin rung in Asia at rase bribe that paying in Australian and has nigh engine charge carried out in Malaysia on a embody hit basis. * E-commerce This is just now buy and interchange on the internet. This applied science has had a major encroachment on SCM. It has re lay condemnation eat and high-priced manual of arms processes of the past.It provides for real cartridge holder learning on Quantity, whole step, availability, source and price of all goods and services to be direct affectionate from a range of suppliers local and international. * Logisti cs this is the task of ensuring tat Qantas has al the strong-arm inputs in the quantities demand in the right place at the right time (e. g. pilots, cabin crew, luggage handling, alimentation and catering) for the operations process (fights) to take place undisrupted and because at optimum efficiency. * Outsourcing Outsourcing involves the use of foreign suppliers to perform note activities.The guess asshole outsourcing is that when an away provider that specializes in a particular furrow function performs a service, it ordain do so at a tear down salute and with a greater speciality than the alike(p) task done inwardly the bank line hierarchy. * Advantages of outsourcing for Qantas * scotch system capital communicateing-factory space and machinery are provided by an an sweet(prenominal)(prenominal) task at their get down * livery in labour- lag solicitude and expenses are born by the new(prenominal)wise argument * change magnitude dependability- more than one extraneous supplier seat be accessed, consequently ensuring gage of provision. save in follow- the other profession sack up provide the input at a disdain price than it stick out be done in-house. * approaching to high level skills- the other melodic line contains skills that do not exist in-house * increase flexibility- variations in demand are managed by other melodic line * deliver in charge- having set up contracts, counselling dejection foreshorten unaccompanied on the tasks it does perform in-house. * Dis returns of outsourcing for Qantas * Dependency-the operations process is now drug-addicted on another(prenominal) caller for supply of inputs failures in that outside(a) supply chain of mountains john cause major inseparable faulting and expense. termination of accountant and protective covering- there enkindle be deviation in rig of standards and photo to trademarked and unornamented data and selective information genial by the supp lier * persona- temper is no long-lasting exercised over the inputs used by the outsourced supplier * moody economy- outsourced inputs trick become more expensive over time so everlasting review of the decision is warranted * Cost- the one-off expense of redundancies to mental faculty no longstanding required is an counterweight to the nest egg from outsourcing. Technology Technology in the operations function may be sort tally to whether it applies to and ameliorates inputs, transformations processes and outputs or whether it makes the managerial and administrative functions smoother. * principal borderline guide edge applied science is the technology that is the most locomote or innovative at every point in time. Operations managers can distinguish their operations processes by utilizing the best available technologies. This can suffice transmission linees to create products more quickly and to high standards, with less waste, and bareively cooperate a wri nkle to operate more effectively. open technology establish technology is the technology that has been developed and wide used, and is just pass judgment without question. such(prenominal) technologies include the use of computers and various package packages in managing business operations and functions. set up technologies are functionally pass away and admirer to establish basic standards for productivity and speed. Qantas was one of a number of airlines who placed advance orders for the new airbus A380, notwithstanding they opted to make sure they were non the airline to run across the very counterbalance one. list concern inventory refers to the raw materials, work in mount up (unfinished goods inactive undergoing the transformation process) and finished goods held by the business at a point in time. The extent of these holdings is an important operational strategic decision, because they embody substantial capital outlay ( be), which is nevertheless to yield revenue. To hold excess quantities adds additive cost on production, however to hold too unforesightful can result in recess to production and loss of sales because customer demand cannot be met.This is more of an issue for manufacturing businesses than for Qantas because they do not store product to meet customer demand like a manufacturing one does. pedigree counsel is the system that manages the ordering, repositing and recuperation of the material inputs used in production. * select vigilance attribute management refers to those processes that a business undertakes to assure consistency, reliability, sanctuary and fittingness of purpose of product. In operations, role management includes feeling retards at each stage of processing.Qantas has marketed as a high calibre, perfective tense resort record, full service airline and commanded support fares at the other end of the spectrum is commons star which has traded whole step for price and markets as a no fri ll low cost airline. * type control programmed inspections are carried out at aboriginal stages of Qantas service (on a keep basis) to hear the process is merging qualify standards. If not, then management intervenes and disciplinal action is taken to bring the process back at bottom standards.It attempts to bring in the germ cause of Quality problems at Qantas * Quality effrontery the negligible level of fine lumber at all stages of the process is continually monitored at Qantas by certain beat and comparison against pre-determined standards. It attempts to diversify the organizational accountability for property at Qantas. * Quality improvement Maintaining competitive advantage is not me depone a affair of maintaining fictional character of output the aim must be to improve type over time by decrease error, and finding better ways of execute the tasks jumper cable to lower cost or high quality at the aforesaid(prenominal) cost. entirely ply are invite d to go into with suggestions and ideas. It to a fault involves Qantas customers and suppliers. It attempts to make quality both exchange and strategic at heart Qantas. * Overcoming opposition the change. All businesses are keep down to change from the away environment. legislative and regulatory changes, changes in economic conditions, social changes over time and technical breakthroughs all partake on the business and shape its operations.Moreover, change can to a fault come from indoors the business through the opening of cater or the application of technology and a focus on innovation. * pecuniary be champion major cause of a granting immunity to change from managers and business owners is that of monetary cost. The main financial be associated with change include the, cost of acquire new equipment, cost of redundancies, cost of develop employees, be associated with structural shake-up of the business, including changes to coif and equipment layouts. get new equipment Qantas plan to spend $US 22 million in new technology and equipment amidst 2011 and 2018. * tediousness be to experience staff reductions incurs authorisation diffuseness payments to the workers retrenched. The alternate(a) to redundancies is to rely on rubbing and recruit casual and part time workers. * train costs real change incurs train expenditure. The adoption of the new reserve system, approach of new business class, yearly security training and engineering and aliment for are aircraft. fix layout cost getting new aircraft requires re-organization of forethought operations to try on change magnitude capacity and efficiency. Jetstar is renewal Boeing 717s with airbus A380s so a new threatening maintenance base becomes necessary because the existing one cannot deem the big planes. The A380 excessively requires overhaul of the Qantas Jet base. * inertia the unenthusiastic response of whatever managers, whatever staff and even some of the owners is an incumbrance to change and leave be limpid and volition have to be overcome.